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高速公路土壤重金属污染状况及健康风险评价
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Pollution Degree and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Highway Roadside Soil in Hunan Province, China
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    为探讨高速公路路域土壤重金属污染分布特征和对周围居民的影响,检测了高速公路G4和G60的临长段、长潭段和潭邵段 5 m,10 m,15 m,40 m和80 m处土壤中重金属(Zn,Pb,Cd,Cr和Cu)的浓度,分析了它们的分布特征和污染状况,并进行健康风险评价.结果表明:重金属的浓度随高速公路的距离的增加而降低,其中近高速公路点Cd和Cr超过了土壤环境二级标准;地累积指数和潜在生态风险指数显示,所检测的5种重金属的污染状况是Cd>Pb>Cr>Zn>Cu,其中Cd为主要污染物,研究的3个路段5 m处Cd为重度污染,80 m处仍有轻度污染,其它重金属分别为轻度污染或无污染;健康风险评价表明Cd,Cr和Pb对成年人和未成年人都存在潜在的健康伤害风险且随距离的增加而降低.其中3个路段80 m处Cr对未成年人仍有轻微的致癌风险(致癌风险在可接受范围内),说明高速公路两侧的居民应居住在距离高速公路80 m之外.

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    This study was performed to analyze the distribution, contamination degree and human health risks of traffic-related heavy metals (HMs) in roadside soils along G4 highway and G60 highway in Hunan province, China. A total of 45 composite soil samples from three sampling sites (LC, CT, and TS)with different distance (5 m,10 m,15 m,40 m,or 80 m) were analyzed for HMs concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr and Cu. The results showed that the concentrations of those HMs in roadside soils decreased with the increasing distance from highways. A pollution assessment by Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo) showed that the pollution level for the HMs is in the following order: Cd>Pb>Cr>Zn>Cu. The Cd levels can be considered “heavily contaminated” status in the distance of 5 m. And Cd also presented high risk based on potential ecological risk indexes (RI). The other detected heavy metals are practically uncontaminated or uncontaminated to moderately contaminated. The health risk of HMs in highway roadside soils was evaluated by hazard index (HI) and cancer risk (CR). The results showed high HI for Cd, Cr and Pb, indicating a potential human health risk for both adult and children in these areas. But cancer risk of all those HMs for both adult and children was acceptable. Cr in three studied sections showed a slight cancer risk (carcinogenic risk in the acceptable range) in the distance of 80 m, which indicated the residents around highways should be living outside the distance of 80 m.

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翟云波,戴青云,蒋康,朱云.高速公路土壤重金属污染状况及健康风险评价[J].湖南大学学报:自然科学版,2016,43(6):149~156

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  • 在线发布日期: 2016-07-15
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