The design of connections is the foundation for ensuring the cooperative work of both materials in timber-concrete hybrid structures. To investigate the mechanical performance and failure modes of timber-concrete bolted connections， this study selected Cross-laminated timber （CLT）-concrete bolted connections and Spruce Pine Fir （SPF）-concrete bolted connections as experimental subjects， and designed twenty-seven sets of monotonic loading tests and cyclic loading tests. The typical failure modes of the two types of timber-concrete bolted connections were summarized and compared. The findings reveal that a direct correlation between the bearing capacity of timber-concrete bolted connections and the bolt-yielding mode is observed. Compared to SPF-concrete bolted connections， CLT-concrete bolted connections are more prone to double-hinge failure and exhibit better ductility. Through the analysis of the influencing mechanisms behind the mechanical performance differences， accounting for the impact of steel plates， and introducing the equivalent section of CLT， a mechanical model for the bearing capacity of timber-concrete bolted connections was proposed. The calculated values showed an average error of 12.18% compared with experimental results， indicating good agreement with the experimental values，which provides a reliable reference for the design and application of timber-concrete bolted connections.