Partially Encased Composite (PEC) columns offer the advantages of good stability and high precast degree. Adding steel fibers into the concrete mix can effectively restrain the development of concrete cracks. In this paper, eight steel fiber-reinforced PEC column specimens with corrugated web were designed and tested, with the anchorage length and steel fiber content as variables. The bond-slip behavior at the interface was studied. The results show that the steel fiber-reinforced concrete specimens are broken through the interface cracks in the load decreasing section, and the failure mode of the specimens is the natural bonding force failure at the interface. The interface bond performance is the best when the steel fiber content is constant and the anchoring length is 650 mm. Adding steel fiber into the concrete can improve the bond properties. With the increase of steel fiber content, the initial slip load and initial strength increase, and the ultimate load first decreases and then increases. When the steel fiber content is 1.5%, the ultimate strength reaches the minimum value and the residual strength reaches the maximum value. The strain of the flange of the steel plate is approximately exponential with the anchorage length in the load rising section, and the strain of the corrugated web is wavy. A calculation formula of the specimen’s characteristic bond strength was obtained by linear regression fitting. Comparing the calculated value with the test value, it was found that the error was small, which could provide a reference for the bearing capacity design and application of the corrugated web steel fiber PEC column.