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高湿环境中列车车顶绝缘子表面液膜分布特性
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Distribution Characteristics of Water Film on Surface of Train Roof Insulator in High Humidity Environment
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    摘要:

    针对高湿环境中车顶绝缘子表面雨膜分布特性问题, 基于绝缘子流场空气动力学计算模型, 结合离散相模型和欧拉壁面液膜模型两种方法, 模拟高速气流下雨膜在绝缘子表面生成和发展的过程. 研究了不同风速、降雨强度及绝缘子伞裙上倾角、下倾角、伞裙间距等结构参数对雨膜分布的影响规律. 搭建高速液滴流下车顶绝缘子工频耐压试验平台, 分析绝缘子表面雨膜不均匀分布对绝缘子电气性能的影响. 研究结果表明, 在最大风速和最大降雨强度条件下, 绝缘子迎风面平均雨膜厚度达到稳定的时间最短;在相同时间内, 绝缘子迎风面直接受雨, 平均雨膜厚度大于侧风面和背风面. 雨滴在绝缘子迎风面和侧风面以惯性碰撞为主, 背风面则以漩涡碰撞为主. 高压侧电压为27.5 kV, 40 m/s风速下的绝缘子背风面伞间有液滴流和放电电弧, 在伞边缘附近处可观测到明显的液滴散射. 随着伞裙上倾角的增大,雨膜厚度逐渐减小, 伞裙下倾角对雨膜厚度的影响并不显著, 考虑到机械强度的需求, 推荐采用0°的下倾角. 选择较小的伞裙间距对于减小绝缘子表面的雨膜厚度是有益的.

    Abstract:

    This article focuses on the distribution characteristics of rain film on the surface of roof insulators in high humidity environments. Based on the aerodynamic calculation model of insulator flow field, combined with the discrete phase model and Enlerian wall film model methods, the process of high-speed airflow rain film generation and development on the surface of insulators is simulated. The system studies the influence of different wind speeds, rainfall intensities, and structural parameters such as the uptilt angle, dip angle, and spacing between insulator sheds on the distribution of rain film. And a high-speed droplet flow roof insulator power frequency withstand voltage test platform is built to analyze the impact of uneven distribution of rain film on the electrical performance of insulators. The research results show that under the condition of maximum wind speed and maximum rainfall intensity, the time for the average rain film thickness on the windward side of the insulator reaching the stability is the shortest. At the same time, the windward side of the insulator is directly affected by rain, and the average rain film thickness is greater than that of the crosswind side and the leeward side. Raindrops mainly collide with inertia on the windward and crosswind sides of insulators, while vortex collisions are predominant on the leeward side. At a high voltage of 27.5 kV and a wind speed of 40 m/s, there is droplet flow and discharge arc between the sheds on the leeward side of the insulator, and obvious droplet scattering can be observed near the edges of the sheds. As the uptilt angle of the shed increases, the thickness of the rain film gradually decreases. The influence of the dip angle of the shed on the thickness of the rain film is not significant. Considering the requirement for mechanical strength, it is recommended to use 0° dip angle. In addition, choosing a smaller shed spacing is beneficial for reducing the thickness of the rain film on the insulator surface.

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马建桥 ,侯敏 ?,张鹏飞 ,张淑窈 ,水晟 ,陈偲丫 .高湿环境中列车车顶绝缘子表面液膜分布特性[J].湖南大学学报:自然科学版,2025,52(12):125~136

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  • 在线发布日期: 2026-01-06
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