Numerical simulation study on transition effect of linear slope ratio on wind field of terrain model
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摘要:
为准确获得斜坡过渡段对地形模型风场特性的影响规律,采用大涡模拟(large eddy simulation,LES)方法,开展了不同坡度比斜坡过渡段风场特性数值模拟研究,其中计算域入口采用NSRFG(narrow band synthesis random flow generation)方法生成的数值湍流来流,斜坡过渡段的坡度比ξ=L/h(ξ取值为0、1、2和3,其中h为坡高,L为坡长).研究结果表明:当来流到达斜坡过渡段时,会在过渡段底部形成回流,风速明显降低,湍流强度减小;当来流到达斜坡过渡段顶部时,风速则会显著提高,湍流强度增大;当来流经过斜坡过渡段后,平均风速剖面逐渐恢复至与入口相同.另外,ξ越大,斜坡的过渡效果越好,涡脱频率越低,且不同高度处的涡脱频率更均匀,风速放大系数变化越小,湍流积分尺度越大.当ξ=3时过渡效果最佳,并在 x/h=2位置处恢复至与入口风速剖面相当,风速放大系数在更靠前的位置处恢复到初始状态.本研究可为风场特性量测用的地形模型边界过渡段设计提供参考.
Abstract:
To accurately obtain the influence of slope transition sections on the wind field characteristics of the terrain model, this study used the large eddy simulation (LES) method to conduct numerical simulation of wind field characteristics in the transition section of slopes with different slope ratios. At the entrance of the computational domain, numerical turbulent flow was generated by the narrow band synthesis random flow generation (NSRFG) method . The slope ratio ξ(=L/h) of the slope transition section was defined (ξ takes the values of 0, 1, 2 and 3, where h is the slope height and L is the slope length). The results show that when the incoming flow reaches the slope transition section, a backflow is formed at the bottom of the transition section, the wind speed is significantly reduced, and the turbulence intensity is also reduced. When the incoming flow reaches the top of the slope transition section, the wind speed increases significantly, and the turbulence intensity also increases. When the incoming flow passes through the slope transition section, the mean wind speed profile gradually returns to the same as that of the inlet. In addition, the larger ξ can result in better transition effect, lower vortex shedding frequency, more uniform vortex shedding frequency at different heights, smaller variation in wind speed amplification factor, and larger turbulence integral scale. The transition effect is best when ξ=3, and it returns to the same as the inlet wind speed profile at x/h=2, and the wind speed amplification factor returns to 1 at the more advanced position. This study can provide a reference for the design of boundary transition sections of terrain models for wind field characteristic measurement.