Aluminum-based composite materials were prepared by a multi-pass equal channel angular pressing （ECAP） process. The microstructure of the composite material was characterized by metallography， scanning electron microscopy， and energy spectrum analysis， and their mechanical properties as well as friction and wear properties of the composite material were tested and analyzed. The research results indicate that SiC particles have good dispersion in the aluminum matrix after three ECAP passes， and the grain size is small. The multi-pass ECAP process can effectively improve the distribution of SiC particles in the aluminum matrix and refine the grain size， thereby simultaneously enhancing the mechanical properties of composite materials. At the same time， under the same friction and wear test conditions， the samples with three ECAP passes show better friction and wear performance than those with a single pass， indicating that increasing the number of processing passes can improve the wear resistance of composite materials.