In view of the accelerated deterioration of concrete in complex environments of plateaus， such as low pressure， low humidity， low temperature， and large temperature difference， the air bubble stability， air-entraining effect， mechanical properties， shrinkage property， and frost resistance of concrete under plateau environments have attracted much attention. However， the relevant research status remains to be analyzed and summarized. This paper first compares and analyzes the characteristics of air pressure， temperature， and humidity in typical cities of plateau and plain regions in China. The influences of key environmental factors， including low air pressure， low humidity， low temperature， and large temperature difference， on workability， microstructure， mechanical properties， shrinkage property， and frost resistance of cement-based materials are then summarized. The deterioration degree and mechanism of cement-based materials under these key environmental factors are revealed.