GIS sampling location technology and the atomic absorption spectrometry technology were applied to study the impact of the exposed environmental risks of river water, bottom sludge, waterfront animals and plants and inhabitants' health. The results show that, in the past 30 years, the total contribution of chromium (VI) pollution migrating along the Chang-Zhu-Tan section of the Xiangjiang River has been 13.21%, the amount of chromium (VI) in the river water has been 3~6 times compared with the background standard, and the species of plants in the river and waterfront has been sharply reduced by 23%. And the blood and muscle chemical checking of the animals show that the amount of chromium (VI) has been 1.5~4.5 times over the national standard, the inhabitants' average longevity in the villages along the polluted river section has been reduced by about 2 years, and the normal disease and cancer suffering rate has been increased by 25% and 3.05%, respectively. Moreover, some proposals were presented for the above environmental risks.