In order to obtain the critical load position of continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP), a three-plate system was established to calculate the pavement stress. In view of the design principle of the dowel steel in the jointed concrete pavement, the load transfer stiffness of the steel bar at the position of CRCP transverse crack was introduced. And then, the finite element method (FEM) was adopted to deduce the formula of the load transfer stiffness of the concrete at the position of the CRCP transverse crack. These two kinds of stiffness were the key parameters to the stress calculation of CRCP under wheel load pressure. On this basis, a numerical simulation was conducted, and the results have shown that the boundary condition will exert no effect on the load stress calculation when the length of the side plate exceeds 4.0m. Besides, for the two-lane pavement, the maximum load stress along the width is located at the bottom of the left lane, outside the center of the wheel track, while the standard wheel loads exist at the edge of the pavement, as well as close to the transverse crack. The position can be used to check CRCP load capacity.