To address the problem of the thick pavement structure and the damage of the bridge deck, this paper analysed the mechanical properties of the bridge deck pavement material, proposed a kind of thin epoxy overlay structure and developed elastic epoxy resin adhesive. Through the selection and formulation optimization of flexibilizer, diluent and curing agent, a kind of elastic epoxy resin adhesive with good performance was obtained. Tensile testing has shown that the tensile strength of the elastic adhesive is 21 MPa, and the elongation is 50%. Meanwhile, its bond strength is up to 2.5 MPa and the thermal compatibility is appropriate. The results have also shown that the comprehensive performance of the elastic epoxy resin adhesive is excellent, and it can be applied to bridge deck pavement engineering.