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利用导流板控制25°倾角Ahmed类车体尾流与气动阻力
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Control of the Wake and Aerodynamic Drag of an Ahmed Model with 25° Slant Angle by Using Deflectors
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    摘要:

    通过风洞实验,研究了尾部导流板对25°倾角Ahmed类车体尾流与气动阻力的影响规律.对比了斜面两侧与斜面上边缘宽度分别为5 mm,10 mm和15 mm导流板的减阻效果.试验中模型缩尺比为1∶2,基于来流风速与模型长度的雷诺数为8.7×105.研究结果表明,模型尾流中存在一对规则的拖曳涡,并伴随有强烈下扫流,尾部斜面上存在D形流动分离区.斜面两侧5 mm宽导流板对尾流的影响很小,对应的气动阻力会增大约2.1%;斜面两侧10 mm,15 mm宽导流板以及不同宽度的水平导流板可显著削弱尾流中的拖曳涡.水平导流板能够消除斜面上的流动再附着并破坏D形分离区,其减阻效果明显高于两侧导流板,最大减阻率可达11.8%.

    Abstract:

    This paper investigated the effect of rear end deflectors on the near wake and aerodynamic drag of an Ahmed model with 25° slant angle. Drag reduction was compared for deflectors mounted on the two side faces and on the upper edge of the rear slant. The width of deflectors is 5mm, 10mm and 15 mm, respectively. The model scale is 1∶2, and the Reynolds number based oncoming flow velocity and model length is 8.7×105. The results have revealed that there is a pair of organized trailing vortices in the wake, which are accompanied by strong downwash flow. There is a D-shape flow separation zone on the slant face. Deflectors with a width of 5 mm at the two sides of the slant have negligible effect on the near wake, and slightly increase the aerodynamic drag by about 2.1%. On the other hand, all tested horizontal deflectors at the top edge of the slant and deflectors with a width of 10 mm and 15 mm at both sides of the slant considerably weaken the trailing vortices. The horizontal deflectors avoid flow re-attachment on the slant and suppress the D-shape separation zone, corresponding to the maximum drag reduction rate of 11.8%, which is higher than that of the deflectors on both sides of the slant.

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王汉封,邹超,张运平.利用导流板控制25°倾角Ahmed类车体尾流与气动阻力[J].湖南大学学报:自然科学版,2014,41(4):94~100

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