In order to study the response of the single pile and soil under dynamic loading, the numerical calculation method was adopted to establish the pile soil interaction model considering the basic seismic intensity, then the pile friction force, pile axial force and surface settlement with the change of earthquake duration were analyzed. The results show that 1) negative friction of pile shows the trend of first increase then decrease, and the negative friction mainly appears in the range of 0.35 times the pile length; 2) under the dynamic loading, the pile friction force and axial force are constantly changing, when the earthquake time is 3 s, pile side friction and axial force reach their peak value; 3) as the earthquake continueds, the change of the relative displacement between pile and soil leads to the change of neutral point position; 4) as a result of the dynamic loading, the settlement of the soil increases obviously. Within the scope of the earthquake lasting 0 ~ 10 s, surface subsidence increases rapidly, the earthquake lasting 10 ~ 15 s, the surface subsidence increases slower. When the earthquake lasts until 15 ~ 20 s, the surface subsidence decreases.