Based on uniaxial penetration tests and unconfined compressive strength tests, the effect of loading rate, asphalt-aggregate ratio, temperature, gradation types, and asphalt types on the shear strength of gussasphalt was analyzed. Through finite element numerical calculation for a structure of steel bridge deck paving, the shear strength parameters of gussasphalt were obtained and standard curves of the shear strength under different loads were drawn, and shear strength indexes were verified with experiments. The results show that, because of its material composition characteristics, the shear strength parameters of gussasphalt present a certain special variation law under the influence of different factors. Although gussasphalt meets the shear strength requirements under load conditions, lack of cohesive force will cause shear flow deformation of the mixture. When the shear flow deformation of the mixture caused by insufficient shear strength was analyzed in gussasphalt paving design, parameters such as cohesive force and friction angle should also be considered.