To study the axial constraint effect on fire resistance of partially encased concrete column (PEC column), an experimental study and a numerical simulation were carried out. Two unprotected PEC columns were tested under ISO-834 standard fire. The two columns were bent in strong axis subjected to axial load and eccentrically compression load, respectively. The distribution of temperature field on the cross-sections, axial and lateral deformations, fire resistance, and failure modes of the specimens were recorded and presented. The test results show that the restrained column applied end moment exhibits higher lateral deformation rate than that of the axially loaded column, and the failure modes are obviously different. The fire resistance of the restrained column applied with end column is higher than that of the axially loaded column under the same load ratio. Generally, fire resistance limits of the two PEC columns are all short. Moreover, a comparison between numerical analysis and test results shows good agreement. Therefore, the numerical model provides sufficient accuracy to predict the fire resistance of the restrained PEC columns, which could be used for further parametric analysis.