Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) has become a research hot spot due to its environmental friendliness in recent years. This paper introduces the mechanism of MICP, and expounds the influence of bacteria, nucleation microdots and Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) on the reaction of MICP. Similarly, the relevant theoretical models involved in this technology are summarized, including the model of solution transmission and distribution, the model of urea hydrolysis rate and the model of pore. In addition, through summarizing the relevant literature, it is found that, based on MICP better fluidity and cemented precipitation, MICP can play a good improvement effect in broadly application fields, such as sand solidification, foundation improvement, anti-seepage plugging, concrete repair. Finally, the current research problems and future research directions of MICP are discussed and prospected based on the current research results.