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高速列车转向架结冰特性风洞实验研究
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Wind Tunnel Experimental Investigations on Icing Characteristics of Bogies of High-speed Trains
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    风雪严寒环境导致转向架区域冰雪大量堆积,严重威胁高速列车行驶安全.为分析风雪严寒天气下转向架的结冰特性,采用包含简化车体和动力转向架的缩比模型,在中南大学轨道车辆积雪结冰风洞开展了高速列车转向架结冰实验研究.采用喷水系统模拟制动夹钳周围融水产生的喷水现象,以再现轮对甩水致转向架结冰过程.研究转向架区域动态结冰过程和整体结冰分布特性、各关键区域的结冰质量占比权重以及转向架结冰速率模型.研究结果表明:轮对甩出的水滴受紊乱流场作用扩散至转向架各个区域,在低温下结冰并随时间迅速发展,直至整个转向架区域被冰层覆盖;对于转向架舱,其后端板结冰严重,结冰质量占转向架舱结冰总质量的28%;对于转向架,构架和制动夹钳区域结冰分布最多,分别占转向架结冰总质量的34%和22%,空气弹簧、横梁和纵梁结冰分布较少,转向架呈现出底部结冰量大、结冰形状复杂的特性.随着结冰时间增加,各区域结冰速率不同,转向架舱、转向架的结冰总质量与结冰时间呈一次函数关系.研究获得的转向架结冰特性和结冰速率模型,可对一定运行时间内转向架结冰质量快速预测提供参考依据,对风雪环境下高速列车安全运行和转向架防除冰具有重要指导意义.

    Abstract:

    The alpine and snowy environment causes massive snow accumulation in the bogie regions, which seriously endangers the running safety of high-speed trains. To analyze the icing characteristics of bogies under the alpine and snowy weather, an experimental investigation on the icing of high-speed train bogies is conducted in the Icing-snowing Wind Tunnel (ISWT) of Central South University (CSU), using a scaled model containing a simplified train body and a motor bogie. A water-spray system is used to simulate the water-spraying phenomenon generated by the melt water around the brake calipers to reproduce the process of bogie icing due to water spraying from the wheels. The dynamic icing process and the overall icing distribution characteristics of the bogie regions, the ice mass weighting of each key region of the bogie and the icing rate model of the bogie are studied. The results show that the droplets thrown out by the wheels are spread to all regions of the bogie under the effect of the turbulent flow field, which generated icing at low temperatures and developed rapidly with time until the whole bogie region is covered with ice. For the bogie cabin, its rear end panel is seriously iced, and the icing mass accounts for 28% of the total icing mass of the bogie cabin; for the bogie, the frame and brake caliper regions have the highest ice distribution, accounting for 34% and 22% of the total icing mass of the bogie, respectively, while the ice distribution in the air spring, cross beam, and longitudinal beam is less. The bogie presents the characteristics of a large icing mass and a complex icing shape at the bottom. With the increase of icing time, the icing rate of each region is different, and the overall icing mass of the bogie cabin and bogie is a linear function of icing time. The bogie icing distribution characteristics and icing rate model obtained from the study can provide a reference basis for the rapid prediction of bogie icing mass within a certain operation time, which is of great significance to the safe operation of high-speed trains in alpine and snowy environments and bogie anti-icing/deicing.

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赵长龙 ,王田天 ,冯永华 ,周果 ?,薛源 ,王钰 ,施方成 ,姜琛 .高速列车转向架结冰特性风洞实验研究[J].湖南大学学报:自然科学版,2024,(2):121~131

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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-03-21
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