As influenced by the improved requirement of electric meters operation and maintenance task (EM-OMT), the traditional mode is not applicable to the new management needs any more. In terms of the existing problems in the traditional operation mode, for instance, the unscientific allocation of tasks, the unreasonable planning of path and no response to the dynamic requirements in time, a novel dynamic optimization model and algorithm was proposed. The quantity of tasks, real time traffic condition, attribute and quantity of workers, and preference of the decision maker as well as some other outside conditions can be responded dynamically by the proposed model, which satisfies the daily requirement of power grid enterprise effectively. Furthermore, considering the characteristics of the model, a novel PSO with Solution Space Decomposition(PSO-SSD) algorithm was also proposed and applied to the path optimization. Simulation result shows that the proposed dynamic optimization model and PSO-SSD algorithm can obtain a good performance on different scale of problems, and provide the dynamic optimization of electric meters operation and maintenance task, which significantly improves the management efficiency of power grid enterprise.