In order to reveal the crack-resisting performance of the steel-Ultra-High Performance Concrete （UHPC）lightweight composite deck structure subjected to traffic disturbance during construction, theoretical and ex? perimental studies based on the Chongqing Yuzui Yangtze River Bridge are presented in this paper. Firstly, the maxi? mum tensile strain of the UHPC layer’s top surface caused by traffic during construction (referred to as disturbance amplitude hereinafter) was obtained through finite element analyses, and the results showed that: during construction,the maximum longitudinal and transverse disturbance amplitudes of the UHPC layer of this bridge were 144 με and 60 με, respectively. Secondly, 6 model specimens were designed and manufactured with reference to the actual struc? ture. Then, the specimens were divided into two groups, each group included one undisturbed control specimen and two disturbed specimens, which were subjected to simulated traffic disturbance during the setting of UHPC. The de? signed amplitudes of these two groups were 160 με and 240 με, respectively. Finally, the crack-resistance perfor? mance of the control specimens and the disturbed specimens were compared through 4-point negative moment static tests. The experimental results showed that the disturbance did not substantially affect the crack-resisting perfor? mance of the specimens when its amplitude was less than 160 με. On the contrary, the disturbance aroused damages to the UHPC layer when its amplitude was over 160 με, resulting in a decrease in the nominal cracking stresses of the disturbed specimens. Therefore, it is suggested that the limit of traffic disturbance amplitude during construction should be set to 160 με.