A total of 215 typical near-fault ground motion (GM) records were selected reasonably and classified according to the Chinese seismic design code for bridges. Then, the near-fault elastoplastic acceleration and displacement spectra were counted, and the relationship between damping ratio and near-fault elastoplastic spectra was fitted, so as to obtain near-fault elastoplastic demand spectra. By combining the FEMA440 and Chopra capacity spectrum method with the established near-fault elastoplastic demand spectra, a capacity spectrum method considering soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects for Chinese beam bridges was suggested and applied in the seismic performance assessment for a beam bridge under near-fault GMs. The results show that, for the Chinese beam bridge considering SSI effects under near-fault GMs, the results calculated by FEMA440 are conservative, while the results calculated by the proposed method in this study are more reasonable, which can be applied to the seismic performance evaluation for Chinese beam bridges.