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干湿循环作用下可溶盐对古建筑青砖劣化机理研究
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作者单位:

兰州大学土木工程与力学学院

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白衣寺塔及菩萨殿保护修缮工程前期勘察研究项目


Study on the deterioration mechanism of blue bricks of ancient buildings under the coupling effect of drying-wetting cycles and various soluble salts
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College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University

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    摘要:

    青砖是我国各类古建筑的主要材料之一,其在可溶盐侵蚀下的风化是造成保存困难的重要因素。本文设置了以Na2SO4、NaCl、MgSO4及其混合盐为条件的盐溶液,对青砖试样进行干湿循环试验,研究干湿循环中可溶盐对青砖质量、表面硬度、弹性波速、色差等的影响。从宏观、细观、微观多尺度及矿物成分变化角度分析青砖劣化机制。结果表明:试验前后试块质量、波速、均先上升后下降,硬度持续下降。抗压强度以及毛细吸水率等均有不同程度降低。Na2SO4对青砖表层及一定深度造成严重损伤;MgSO4对砖中孔隙进行破坏从而造成其发育细小裂隙,但难以对青砖表层造成损伤;相较而言,NaCl仅对砖表层进行微弱侵蚀。混合盐之间的相互作用会使其本身的结晶位置、数量及溶解度发生变化,从而引起不同的劣化模式。与单盐相比,混合盐室内劣化特征和实际赋存环境下的病害特征更相符合。研究成果可为相关青砖文物的保护修复奠定理论依据。

    Abstract:

    Blue brick is one of the main materials of various ancient buildings in China, and its weathering under the erosion of soluble salt is an important factor that makes them difficult to sustain. In this paper, salt solutions based on Na2SO4, NaCl, MgSO4 and their mixed salts were set up to conduct drying-wetting cycles tests on blue brick samples, and the effects of soluble salts in the drying-wetting cycles on the quality, surface hardness, elastic wave velocity and color difference of blue bricks were studied. The deterioration mechanism of green bricks was analyzed from the perspectives of macroscopic, fine and microscopic multi-scale and mineral composition changes. The results show that the mass, wave velocity and hardness of the test all increase first and then decrease, and the hardness continues to decrease. The compressive strength and capillary water absorption rate are reduced to varying degrees. Na2SO4 caused serious damage to the surface layer and a certain depth of blue bricks. MgSO4 destroys the pores in the brick, resulting in small cracks, but it is difficult to damage the surface layer of green bricks. In contrast, NaCl only weakly erodes the surface layer of the brick. The interaction between the mixed salts changes their location of crystallization, quantity, and solubility, then it will result in different deterioration patterns. Compared with single salt, the deterioration characteristics in the mixed salt chamber are more consistent with the disease characteristics in the actual occurrence environment. The results of this research will provide a reference for the protection and restoration of related buildings of brick cultural heritage.

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  • 收稿日期: 2023-08-10
  • 最后修改日期: 2023-11-17
  • 录用日期: 2024-01-08
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