Compressive impact tests were conducted on asphalt concrete, glass fiber reinforced asphalt concrete, lignin fiber reinforced asphalt concrete and polyester fiber reinforced asphalt concrete of three contents with three strain rates using the split Hopkinson pressure bar with varying cross-sections. Test results and analyses have indicated that there is a strain rate enhancing effect on asphalt concrete. Both the dynamic compressive strength and the toughness index increase with the increase of strain rate. However, the increase rates of the strength and the toughness index decrease with the increase of strain rate of the fiber reinforced asphalt concrete. Fiber content has a significant influence on the dynamic behavior of asphalt concrete. At a polyester content of 0.25%, the compressive strength and the toughness index reach their maximal values. All the fibers can improve the dynamic properties of asphalt concrete. To improve compressive strength, polyester fiber is the best, lignin fiber the second, and glass fiber the last. And to improve toughness index, polyester fiber is the best, glass fiber the second, and lignin fiber the last.