In this study, a wind tunnel test was conducted for Guangzhou International Exhibition Centre. Simultaneous pressure measurements were made on its rigid roof model in a boundary layer wind tunnel. Meanwhile, a three-dimensional finite element model of the roof structure of Guangzhou International Exhibition Centre was established on the basis of the structural design drawings, and the dynamic characteristics were analyzed on the basis of the established finite element model. Furthermore, wind-induced responses of the large roof were computed and the wind loading inputs were derived from the simultaneous pressure measurements on the rigid roof model. The results showed that the influences of the structural fundamental modes on the wind-induced vibration of the roof were generally more significant than wind loads. It was also observed from the wind tunnel measurements that there was a tendency for the peak displacement response to decrease with the increase of the damping ratio. On the other hand, full-scale measurements of the wind effects on the large roof were conducted under strong wind action. Based on field measurement results, a new method to identify the first several natural frequencies of the roof in vertical direction, using the dot matrix of power spectrum density approach, was presented. Comparison of the frequency results determined by the proposed method and those obtained from the finite element model analysis was done to examine the applicability and accuracy of the proposed method.