In order to study the growth of Penicillium simplicissimum exposed to phenols and anilines, and the degradation of these toxic substances, several different concentrations of phenols and anilines were added to the culture system, which was cultured for 4 days with -Penicillium simplicissimum.- The results have shown that low concentrations of phenols and anilines can promote the growth of Penicillium simplicissimum, But on the contrary, the growth would be restrained under the culture of high concentrations. Meanwhile, Penicillium simplicissimum can catalyze and oxidize phenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and aniline effectively. When the concentration of phenol was controlled at 500 μg/mL, 2,4-dichlorophenol was 50 μg/mL, and aniline was 1 000 μg/mL, the degradation rates of phenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and aniline were all close to 100%. When the concentration of 2,4-dichlorophenol was controlled at 60~125 μg/mL and aniline was 2 000~5 000 μg/mL, the degradation rates were over 60% and 70%, respectively. However, the degradation effect of p-nitrophenol and p-nitroaniline by Penicillium simplicissimum was worse, and their degradation rate was only about 10%.