Three 1/5 scale models of walls were tested to study the mechanical behavior of a new type RC grid frame structure under cyclic loads, which includes bearing capacity, hysteretic loops, skeleton curves, ductility, stiffness and energy dissipation capacity. The test results have shown that the new type RC grid frame structure demonstrates the characteristics of the frame structures, and the inflecture points occur on each floor, belonging to shear-type failure; it has full hysteretic curve and strong energy dissipation capacity, and better ductility than the conventional frame structures. The stiffness reduces fast after the specimens yield, but slowly by before the specimens are destroyed. Considering the nonlinear material, geometry and contact, and calculating the grid frame structure with cast-phosphogypsum as infilled walls by using the finite element software ANSYS under the same condition, the max horizontal displacement is larger than the test results by about 5.8%, which agrees well with the test results. The mechanical behavior of RC grid frame structure with cast-phosphogypsum as infilled walls is between the frame structure and the shear wall. The structure is suitable for the construction of high-rise residential and office buildings.