A new special machine tool for the precision riveting and assembly of the automotive hub bearing unit was proposed, which could adjust the inclination angle of the rivet tail, real-time measurement of the riveting and assembly force and displacement of the stage, and automatic precision adjustment of stop position of the riveting and assembly. Its parameters, such as the inclination angle of the rivet tail, feed, riveting and assembly force, were theoretically analyzed and the prototype was manufactured. Experiment results show that it has a maximum axial riveting and assembly force of 30 T. The positioning precision of the stage is less than 2 μm and the production efficiency is up to 3 000 pieces per shift. The theoretical reliability of the hub bearing unit produced by the special machine tool is above 300 000 km. It satisfies the assembly requirement of the automotive hub bearing unit.