By using the impact abrasive wear testing machine to simulate the actual working conditions of high manganese steel parts, the wear mechanism of high manganese steel under different impact loads was investigated with scanning electron microscopy and other equipment. The result indicates the grain of the high manganese steel is smaller after the heat treatment process, which firstly heats the high manganese steel to 550 ℃ for 1.5 hours, secondly heats it to 650 ℃ for 2 hours, and then heats it to 1 080 ℃ for 2 hours, and quenches it at last. The relate impact load of 2J/mm2 is the critical impact load of high manganese steel. High manganese steel fully plays its work hardening effect when the relate impact load is above the critical impact load. There are two wear mechanisms: cutting mechanism and pit mechanism. After impact abrasive wear test, there are a large number of slip bands in high manganese steel, and the slip bands' density increases when the relate impact load increases. When the relate impact load is 2 J/mm2, the cross slip is found in the grains.