In order to study the influence of different rock temperatures on the rock breaking characteristics of TBM disc cutter tunneling parameters, and on the basis of particle flow theory, the thermodynamic mathematical model of rock breaking by TBM disc cutter based on rock temperature changes was established from the microscopic view. The whole process of rock crack formation, crack propagation and rock slag formation was simulated. Then, the influence laws of different tunneling parameters on rock breaking characteristics were studied, which explained the rock breaking mechanism of TBM disc cutter under different rock temperatures from micro view. Finally, by using the linear experiment platform of rock breaking by TBM disc cutter, experimental verification was accomplished to find out whether the influence laws of rock breaking characteristics by TBM disc cutter tunneling parameters under different rock temperatures conditions were kept well with numerical simulation results. The research results show that: (1) the increase of rock temperature decreases some mechanical properties of rock such as hardness, strength and so on, which leads to the crack number increase and rapid expansion of micro crack when rock breaking rock, hence reducing the rock breaking load of TBM disc cutter and improving the rock breaking efficiency; (2) the higher the temperature, the lower the rock stress. The stress distribution obeys the Buzin Neske stress circle rules, where the stress value below the region of the cutting edge was the maximum and gradually decreases radiation around. The stress is basically symmetrical distribution and total rock stress becomes smaller as temperature increases; (3) when the penetration depth is low, the rock is not easy to be broken and intruded. With the increase of rock temperature, the rock is easier to be extruded and ruptured. With the increase of the penetration depth, the failure zone is further expanded, which improves the rock breaking efficiency; (4) the synergistic action between TBM disc cutters decreases with the increase of the cutter space, and the optimal cutter space increases with the increase of rock temperature and penetration depth; and (5) the synergistic action between TBM disc cutters can be enhanced by increasing rock temperature to improve the efficiency of rock breaking.