In order to improve the current situation of dust concentration exceeding the limits in belt conveyer roadway,to explore the main influencing factors of dust concentration distribution, according to the similarity theory and the gas-solid two-phase flow equation motion, a similarity model device was designed for the specific situation in belt conveyer roadway. Fluent, which is a software of computational fluid dynamics, was used to analyze the dust concentration distribution in belt conveyor roadway of the similar model. Compared with similar experiment data analysis, the simulation result was consistent with the experimental data. The results show that the average wind speed in the roadway and the speed of the belt are the two main factors affecting the dust concentration distribution. When the average wind speed of the roadway is 0.15 m·s-1 ~ 0.60 m·s-1, the greater the wind speed, the lower the dust concentration. When the Tape speed is 1~ 2.5 m·s-1, the greater the speed, the higher the dust concentration.