Super-high-rise buildings experience aeroelastic effects under the action of design wind velocity for its low mass and structural damping, and significant aerodynamic damping arises. Considering the first order linear sway mode, a single degree-of-freedom aeroelastic model of super-high-rise buildings with square cross section was made with a geometrical scale of 1∶600, and a series of wind tunnel tests were carried out to measure the accelerations on the top of the building model. Random Decrement Technique (RDT) was adopted to identify the aerodynamic damping of the building model. The aerodynamic damping in along-wind and across-wind directions obtained agrees well with that from literatures. The results show that the aerodynamic damping within the wind direction of 84°~90° is similar to that in the across-wind direction (90°), and the aerodynamic damping within the wind direction of 0°~12° is similar to that in the along-wind direction (0°). It should be noted that critical wind velocity decreases under some special wind directions, such as a reduced wind velocity of 7.2 in wind direction of 16.5°. Moreover, negative aerodynamic damping is found at low wind velocities.