A finite element model of a water-lubricated bearing at low speeds, and heavy loads was established. The Explicit module of Abaqus was used to analyze the influence regularity of transient performance on the water-lubricated bearing with different friction factors, loadings and revolving speeds, and the vibrational frequency and acceleration RMS of the bearing were obtained. Finally, the results were validated with experiments. The results have indicated that the stability of the system reduces and more vibrational noises rise with the increase in friction coefficient, the vibration response of the bearing system increases with the increase in loading within a certain range, but there is less impact from revolving speeds on the vibration frequency of the bearing. However, the accelerated speed of the system is getting higher with the increase of revolving speed, and the simulation analysis results are consistent with the experiment results, and it provides a theoretical basis for the study of the vibrational noise mechanism of water-lubricated bearings.