LTE-based (Long Term Evolution) satellite mobile communication system combines 3GPP LTE standards and satellite communication technology and has important significance for the global coverage of mobile communication at a high speed. However, the problem of high bit error rate and bandwidth asymmetry in satellite communication constitutes a great challenge for the wireless resource scheduling and QoS (Quality of Service) guarantee in satellite mobile communication. Based on the semi-persistent scheduling mechanism in LTE, we proposed an uplink wireless resource scheduling scheme named VoSPS (Voice service Semi-persistent Scheduling). We added an access permission mechanism and a truncation mechanism based on uplink channel quality to VoSPS, reducing the waste of uplink resources. We also introduced a speech coding rate adjustment algorithm based on voice service satisfaction, which increased the user capacity of the system. The results of the simulation show that VoSPS can increase user satisfaction and the voice service capacity of the system effectively.