In order to explore the performance of European rock asphalt modified asphalt binder, laboratory tests on asphalt binder modified by different contents within 25% of the rock asphalt were carried out. On the basis of the test results, the properties of the modified asphalt binder such as penetration, penetration index, equivalent softening point, equivalent fracture point, softening point, ductility, viscosity, mass loss after RTFOT aging, retained penetration, and aging index were presented and analyzed. The test results and analyses indicated that the high-temperature behavior, temperature susceptibility, applicable temperature range, and aging resistance of rock asphalt modified asphalt binder were improved considerably as the rock asphalt content increased. However, the low temperature behavior and ductility of the rock asphalt modified asphalt binder were deteriorated by the increased rock asphalt content. Therefore, additional tests on the asphalt mixture are needed to evaluate the performance of the rock asphalt modified asphalt binder, particularly for low temperature behavior.