This paper studied the shear performance of waterproof cohesive layer of a rubber epoxy asphalt stone (REAS)on steel deck pavement, and examined the relationships between the shear performance and the frequent change of bridge slope and environment temperature. Firstly, the oblique shear tests were conducted under different shear angles and freeze-thaw cycle times. Considering the linear relationship between normal stress and shear strength, the cohesive force and the internal friction angle of REAS waterproof cohesive layer were calculated. According to the energy method, shear dissipated energy was analyzed. The test results showed that new chemical cross linking and physical entanglement occurred in the epoxy asphalt binder with rubber power, which exhibits better bonding performance, anti-deforming capability and cryogenic flexibility. Under different shear angles and freeze-thaw cycle times, the shear strength and shear displacement of REAS waterproof cohesive layer were greater than those of EA waterproof cohesive layer. It is demonstrated that the REAS waterproof cohesive layer has better shear performance. On the other hand, the shear strength of the REAS waterproof cohesive layer decreased as a power function with the increase of the shear angle, while it decreased as a parabolic curve with the increase of freeze-thaw cycle times. After five freeze-thaws cycle times, the shear dissipated energy of REAS waterproof cohesive layer decreased by 46.0%, which indicates that the freeze-thaw cycles significantly influenced the shear performance of REAS waterproof cohesive layer.