In order to analyze the seismic damages of the owner-built dwellings along mountainous highway in Nepal earthquake sequence, field investigation was performed along the highway from Kathmandu to Zhangmu port. Firstly, the structural characteristics of reinforced concrete (RC) frames and masonry structures in Nepal were described. Then, the characteristics of the seismic damages of the two types of residential structures were summarized, and the damage ratios of the structures were provided according to the direct disasters and secondary disasters. The proportion of basic intact of RC frame structures is over three times that of masonry structures, but the proportion of moderate and serious damages and destruction of RC frame structures is about a half of that of masonry structures. Based on the damage investigation and statistical analysis, it is concluded that many owner-built RC frame structures are not properly designed as the requirements of the building codes of Nepal, and their construction quality is poor, but the damage degree of the RC frame structures is much less than that of the masonry structures. Moreover, as the elevation increases along the highway, the seismic damage of the dwellings has a tendency of increase. Finally, secondary disasters resulted from the earthquake aggravated the seismic damage of dwellings.