The numerical analysis results from the finite element models through the software of ABAQUS were compared with the experimental results to verify the accuracy of finite element parameters. Tie columns, opening, vertical pressure and strength of mortar were considered to study the seismic performance of masonry walls by using the validated finite element models. Two masonry structure models with different layers were established to study the influence of structure height on the seismic performance. The results show that tie columns can improve the bearing capacity and seismic performance of the masonry wall, and the opening hole of the masonry wall reduces the bearing capacity and seismic performance of the masonry wall. The displacement ductility of the masonry wall decreases with the increase of vertical compressive stress. However, the bearing capacity of the masonry wall increases at first and then decreases with the increase of vertical compressive stress. The bearing capacity and seismic performance of the masonry wall increases with the increase of mortar strength grade, and the higher masonry structure results in more serious tensile damage．