To understand the soil background situation of a typical southern province,468 background points were established. Through sample collection and experimental analysis,the pollution situation of these background points was comprehensively investigated. At first,this study analyzed the inorganic elements and organic pollutants of different soil utilization types in this province,compared the pollutants distribution characteristics of different profiles,and then evaluated the soil environmental quality of background points. Finally,through t test of the“7th Five year Period”background data and the investigation data in this study,it is concluded that environment quality of paddy fields and dry land solid keeps stable and the inorganic pollutant content in forestry solid mostly declines.