Due to the mechanical characteristics of arched concrete structures, some differences of the penetration effect subjected to high velocity projectile impact exists between arched structures and slab or beam structures. In order to study the dynamic response and damage characteristics of concrete arch structures subjected to high speed penetrating load, the strain rate effect under impact load was taken into consideration for the establishment of the penetration model based on the coupling method of SPH and Lagrange. The reliability of the coupling model was also verified. Based on the coupling model, the perforation and penetration damage process of concrete arch targets subjected to impact load were studied. The results indicated that the arch effect had important influence on the damage process of concrete structures, the dynamic response of concrete arch targets and the length of fracture zone caused by high velocity impact from extrados were smaller than that from intrados, and the residual velocity of projectile from extrados was also smaller than that from intrados.