In order to investigate the bonding performance of Kevlar fabric layers and that between Kevlar fabric and steel plate, an MTS universal testing machine was used to test the mechanical properties of double-layer Kevlar 49 fabric and Kevlar 49 fabric/steel single-lap shear joints. The results show that the effective bond length of double-layer Kevlar 49 fabric single-lap shear joint specimens is 25 mm, and that of Kevlar 49 fabric/steel single-lap shear joint specimens is 50 mm. Within the effective bond length, bond forces of two types of single-lap shear joints increase with the increasing bond length, while the increasing amplitude decreases. The bond force reaches the maximum when the specimens have the effective bond length. However, the bond stresses reduce with increasing bond lengths. The experimental results obtained in this study will provide valid data for determining reasonable bond length of Kevlar fabric used for structural reinforcement in civil engineering.