This paper presents a new I-V type sandwich panel structure for civil building wall and plate, and uses the nonlinear finite element software LS-DYNA to study the explosion protection properties of I-V type sandwich panel under the combined loading of close-range blast wave and fragments. In terms of three aspects of mass loss, energy absorption and vertical peak displacement response, the influence of the explosive proportion distance, explosive initiation position on the protection effect of sandwich panels and the actual protective performance of sandwich panels were studied. The results show that the ratio of explosive distance has great influence on the protective performance of I-V type sandwich panels. The damage degree of different explosive initiation points to I-V type sandwich panels is different, and the number of initiation points in axial direction can not significantly increase the damage degree of I-V sandwich panels. There is only a small amount of detached concrete and no reinforcement exposed on the front surface, while on the back surface, no concrete falls off and no reinforcement exposes with lesser plastic deformation area，and there is no penetrating damage to the whole with the protection of I-V sandwich panels. The damage degree of the reinforced concrete slab with I-V sandwich panel is far less than that of the unprotected concrete slab.