In order to grasp the temporal and spatial variation of unloading airflow and dust in high ore pass in metal mines，the similarity criterion of high ore pass unloading airflow and dust was derived by similar principle. The similar experimental model of the ore pass was established based on the similarity criterion. Experiments and numerical simulations were carried out to study the airflow changes and dust migration laws under different unloading flow rates，different ore sizes and different unloading heights. The results show that when the first middle section of the ore pass is unloading，the differential pressure at the wellhead in the first and second middle sections is negative，and the pressure difference in the third and fourth middle sections is positive; in the third and fourth middle sections，the dust is discharged by the unloading airflow，which is the main dust-producing point of the ore pass; with the increase of the unloading flow，the wind speed and dust concentration of the dust-producing point show a law of increase first and then decrease，and when the unloading flow is 1.0 kg/s，the wind speed and dust production are the largest; When the unloading flow rate is constant，the wind speed of the dust-producing point is inversely proportional to the ore particle size. The dust concentration and ore particle size are in a power function relationship，and the maximum index is -0.63; When the unloading flow rate and ore particle size are constant，the greater unloading height results in the greater wind speed and dust concentration of the dust-producing point.