In order to study the seismic performance of corroded steel frame columns in offshore atmospheric environment, an indoor artificial-climate accelerated test on six steel frame columns was implemented firstly. And then, low-cyclic reversed loading tests were conducted on the six corroded steel columns. The influence of corrosion levels and axial compression ratios on the failure modes, hysteretic curves, skeleton curves, stiffness degradation, ductility and energy dissipation capacity of the specimens was analyzed and discussed. The test results indicate that with the increase of corrosion level, the displacement corresponding to the flange local buckling, web local buckling and formation of plastic hinges gradually reduce, and the bearing capacity, deformation capacity and energy dissipation capacity of specimens decrease as well. In addition, with the increase of axial compression ratio, the occurrence of local buckling is advanced, the load bearing capacity and ductility decrease obviously, the strength and stiffness degenerate significantly, and the energy dissipation capacity degrades. Based on the test results, the seismic performance levels and quantitative limits of performance index for the corroded steel frame columns were preliminarily determined. This study can provide experimental support for the seismic performance evaluation of existing steel structures in offshore atmospheric environment.