Aiming at the problem that the Maximum Torque Per Ampere（MTPA） current control of the Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor （IPMSM） is affected by the change of motor parameters，this paper proposes an improved adaptive disturbance observation MTPA control strategy. This method uses the stator current vector angle as the disturbance，and compares the current amplitudes before and after the control system to determine the search direction. By integrating adaptive PI control into the disturbance observation method，the tracking system randomly selects the corresponding disturbance step length，thus this method solves the dynamic and steady-state performance，improves the accuracy and system operation efficiency，overcomes the traditional MTPA control method's dependence on motor parameters，and improves the overall efficiency of the system. In addition to the search accuracy of the current vector angle，this paper considers the influence of external factors on the changes of parameters such as inductance and flux linkage to obtain the optimal current vector angle under the dq axis of the built-in permanent magnet motor（IPMSM）. The simulation and test results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.