Layered rock slope is a common geological body along the Sichuan-Tibet Railway. The seismic stability of slopes has an important effect on engineering construction. Numerical models of bedded and toppling slopes were established by using finite difference method software FLAC3D. By comparing and analyzing the dynamic acceleration response of two typical layered slopes, their dynamic response characteristics and deformation mechanism under earthquakes are studied. The results show that weak interlayer has an effect on the wave propagation characteristics in layered slopes, which results in a local amplification effect during the process of seismic wave propagation in the slopes. The dynamic response of the layered slope is amplified by the elevation and weak interlayer, and the amplification effect of the slope surface was greater than that of the internal slope under the same elevation condition. Compared with the toppling slope, the amplification effect of bedded slope shows a strong nonlinear increase trend with the increase of elevation. The dynamic amplification effect of the layered slopes increases with the increase of ground motion amplitude, and their dynamic amplification effect under horizontal seismic force is greater than that of the vertical seismic force. The weak interlayer controls the dynamic deformation characteristics of layered slopes, and the topmost weak interlayer is the potential sliding surface.