Aiming at the issue of low efficiency in the random analysis and calculation of train-track-soil coupled system due to the random characteristics of track irregularity，the pseudo-excitation method（PEM） is used to reduce the computing cost of large samples. Considering the sparsity of equivalent stiffness matrix of train-track-soil coupling system，the large-scale sparse matrix was stored in Compressed Sparse Row（CSR） format. The symmetric positive definite equation of equivalent static equilibrium is solved by the preconditioned conjugate gradient（PCG） method，and the parallel program is developed by the MATLAB-CUDA（Compute Unified Device Architecture） hybrid platform. The numerical example shows that the efficiency of solving equivalent static equilibrium equation based on MATLAB-CUDA hybrid platform is 86.13 times that of the multi-point synchronization algorithm，which greatly reduces the total calculation time of the random vibration analysis，and the memory usage is small and it is easy to implement on a personal computer. When using PCG method to solve the large sparse linear equations of vehicle-track-foundation soil coupling system，it is suggested to take the acceleration as the control index of convergence accuracy of iteration. By choosing the appropriate convergence accuracy of iteration，the balance of calculation accuracy and efficiency is achieved.