The construction process and mechanical characteristics of a double-lining water shield tunnel should be considered in the design, and the uncertainty of the stratum also affects the safety performance of the structure. Therefore, combined with the stress characteristics of double lining water conveyance tunnel, based on the limit state design principle, the two-stage method is adopted to calculate the two force states, which include the outer lining bearing the external pressure alone and the inner and outer lining bearing the internal and external pressure together. The section force, convergence deformation and the maximum crack width are all constrained in safety. The cross-section robust design method and the process of double lining water conveyance shield tunnel are established, and the structural design parameters are optimized combined with the actual engineering case. The results show that the robust design process takes into account the sensitivity of the structure to the variation of stratum and the cost of materials, and introduces the constrained multi-objective optimization algorithm to obtain the complete threedimensional Pareto front surface. The two-dimension optimization of cost-robustness was realized by unifying the robustness indexes under the two limit states by the weighting method. By dividing the tunnel into sections and extracting typical sections, the problem of parameter variation in different longitudinal sections can be effectively solved to ensure the unification of parameters in tunneling and tunnel safety.