UHPC is a cement-based material with ultra-high mechanical performance and ultra-long durability, and it provides new possibility for innovation and performance promotion in bridge structures. In recent years，both domestic and oversea scholars have continuously performed a series of researches on UHPC in the field of bridge structures，driven relevant engineering applications，and made remarkable progresses. This paper introduces several new types of UHPC-based high performance bridge structures investigated by the authors’ research team，including the innovative UHPC strengthening structure for in-service steel bridge deck with fatigue cracking，UHPC strengthening structure for dangerous and degraded concrete bridges, UHPC bridge deck with shallow ribs，long-span UHPC box girder bridges，middle and short-span UHPC prefabricated bridges，UHPC-NC composite bridges，prefabricated UHPC cab beams，and UHPC anti-collision structures. The characteristic and advantage，theoretical and experimental researches，and engineering application of these new structures are systematically presented，aiming to provide experience for research and application of UHPC-based high performance bridge structures.