Aiming at the problems of complex force and easy cracking at the joints of prefabricated assembled bridge decks, a new type of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) dovetail joints was proposed. Through the load model test under the action of negative bending moment, the influence of different joint materials and prestress levels on the ultimate bearing capacity, failure form and crack distribution of UHPC wet joint bridge panels were studied. Based on the numerical simulation model verified by the experiment, the influence of different joint positions, joint forms, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, material strength, and thickness of the specimens on the bending performance of wet joints were compared and analyzed. The results showed that when the prestress was increased from 0 MPa to 5 MPa, the cracking stress and ultimate bearing capacity of the specimen were increased by 40.0% and 5.5%, respectively; The cracking stress of the dovetail joints was increased by 7.5% and 16.0%, respectively, and the bearing capacity was increased by 5.4% and 16.0%, respectively, when compared with the right angle joints and flat joints. Integrity of dovetail joints was good, and changing the joint position had little impact on the bending performance of the wet joint; The cracking stress and ultimate bearing capacity of the specimen increased with the increase of material strength, and the growth rate decreased when the material strength exceeds 120 MPa; The initial cracking stiffness of UHPC joints was about 90% of the initial stiffness, and the residual stiffness was about 25%; After the appearance of the first crack, the structural stiffness decreased rapidly, and after the longitudinal reinforcement yielded, the structural stiffness degradation rate was significantly slowed down, and the final stiffness remained at the residual stiffness; The ratio of the corresponding displacement of the ultimate load to the displacement of the cracking load was proposed as the expression form of UHPC wet joint bridge panels cracking ductility coefficient, and the results of crack ductility coefficient was 10.0~20.0, indicating that the post-cracking deformation ability of UHPC wet joint bridge panels was better.