Energy piles are subject to a combination of mechanical and thermal loads during the normal service process， and their load transfer characteristics will be changed， but the existing theoretical methods for the bearing characteristics of energy piles are not yet complete enough. To study the working characteristics of single energy piles under coupled thermo-mechanical loading， the analysis method of single energy piles under coupled thermo-mechanical loading based on the load transfer method and energy balance principle is proposed by considering the effect of temperature on the load transfer function. The research results show that the thermal load affects the axial force and shaft resistance change laws， and the pile-top settlement values under different pile-top load levels are analyzed. Under the mechanical load and heating/cooling condition， when the pile-top load level is low （≤25%Pu， wherePu is the ultimate load）， the effect of temperature change on the pile-top settlement amplitude is significant， and the pile top settlement amplitude can reach 55% （25%Pu）； especially in the mechanical load and cooling condition， when the pile-top load level exceeds 75%Pu， the pile-top settlement value is close to the limit value， and special attention should be paid to the bearing performance of the pile foundation at this time.