To solve the problems of massive and heterogeneous data in the tobacco supply chain， high information barriers between enterprises， low trustworthiness of traceability data， and lack of supervision， a tobacco blockchain multi-chain traceability system was built using Hyperledger Fabric. This system implemented a multi-chain data storage and supervision model， enabling traceable data sharing and privacy data isolation through its multi-chain structure. Raft consensus algorithm was applied to develop an endorsement strategy， while smart contracts were designed to achieve the traceability for consumers and precise supervision for regulators. At the same time， a decentralized application （DAPP） for the traceability system was developed， ensuring user-friendly operations for consumers. To verify the feasibility of the traceability system， Caliper was used to conduct performance tests on the blockchain multi-chain traceability system. In terms of network performance， the blockchain network throughput was stable at 150 tps. In terms of trustworthiness， the blockchain transaction success rate was 100%. As for smart contract efficiency， the write throughput was stable at 150 tps， with the minimum query latency of 0.01 s and an average latency of 0.026 s. The results proved that the system met the performance requirements of practical application and was capable to realize the needs of anti-counterfeit traceability for consumers and accurate supervision for regulatory authorities.