Based on the disturbed state concept （DSC）， and combined with Rayleigh distribution， the progressive load transfer characteristics of the pile-soil interface are described from a microscopic perspective. The load transfer model of pile side and pile end based on DSC theory is established， the method of determining model parameters is given， and the rationality of the model is verified. Combined with the load transfer model of the pile side and pile end， an iterative algorithm for analyzing the load bearing characteristics of a single pile is proposed， and its rationality is verified. The bearing characteristics of a single pile calculated by this method are in good agreement with the measured values of the case， and this method can reflect the hardening and softening characteristics of side resistance and end resistance. The results of variable parameter analysis show that the load transfer model of pile side and pile end based on DSC theory has good applicability to different soil layers and pile foundation construction technologies and can accurately describe the load transfer characteristics of the pile-soil interface.